Die chemischen Elemente
Element | Symbol | Ordnungs- zahl |
Atomgewicht in u |
Dichte in g/cm³ |
Schmelzpunkt in °C | Siedepunkt in °C |
Jahr der Entdeckung | Entdecker |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actinium | Ac | 89 |
227,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1899 |
Debierne |
Aluminium | Al | 13 |
26,98 |
2,70 |
670 |
2.270 |
1827 |
Wöhler |
Americium | Am | 95 |
243,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1944 |
Seaborg/James/Morgan/Ghiorso |
Antimon | Sb | 51 |
121,75 |
6,69 |
631 |
1.380 |
- |
- |
Argon | Ar | 18 |
39,95 |
- |
-189 |
-186 |
1894 |
Ramsay/Raleigh |
Arsen | As | 33 |
74,92 |
5,79 |
814 |
615 |
1250 |
Albertus Magnus |
Astat | At | 85 |
210,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1940 |
Corson/Mackenzie/Segrè |
Barium | Ba | 56 |
137,34 |
3,78 |
850 |
1.140 |
1808 |
Davy |
Berkelium | Bk | 97 |
247,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1949 |
Seaborg/Ghiorso/Thompson |
Beryllium | Be | 4 |
9,01 |
1,84 |
1.280 |
1.900 |
1828 |
Wöhler |
Bismut | Bi | 83 |
208,98 |
9,78 |
271 |
1.450 |
1753 |
Pott |
Blei | Pb | 82 |
207,19 |
11,35 |
327 |
1.620 |
3400 v.Chr |
Ägypten |
Bor | B | 5 |
10,81 |
2,33 |
2.300 |
2.550 |
1808 |
Gay-Lussac/Davy |
Brom | Br | 35 |
79,91 |
3,12 |
-7 |
59 |
1826 |
Balard |
Cadmium | Cd | 48 |
112,41 |
8,65 |
321 |
767 |
1817 |
Stromeyer |
Calcium | Ca | 20 |
40,08 |
1,41 |
810 |
1.439 |
1808 |
Davy |
Californium | Cf | 98 |
251,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1950 |
Seaborg/Ghiorso/Hamilton/Thompson |
Cäsium | Cs | 55 |
132,91 |
1,87 |
29 |
670 |
1860 |
Bunsen/Kirchhoff |
Cer | Ce | 58 |
140,12 |
6,90 |
623 |
- |
1803 |
Klaproth |
Chlor | Cl | 17 |
35,45 |
3,21 |
-102 |
-34 |
1774 |
Scheele |
Chrom | Cr | 24 |
52,00 |
6,92 |
1.615 |
- |
1797 |
Vauquelin |
Curium | Cm | 96 |
247,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1944 |
Seaborg/James/Morgan/Ghiorso |
Dysprosium | Dy | 66 |
162,50 |
8,60 |
- |
- |
1886 |
de Boisbaudran |
Einsteinium | Es | 99 |
254,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1953 |
Ghiorso/Berkeley u.a. |
Eisen | Fe | 26 |
55,85 |
7,86 |
1.530 |
3.235 |
2800 v.Chr |
Sudan |
Erbium | Er | 68 |
167,26 |
9,20 |
- |
- |
1843 |
Mosander |
Europium | Eu | 63 |
151,96 |
5,20 |
- |
- |
1896 |
de Boisbaudran |
Fermium | Fm | 100 |
257,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1953 |
Hirsch/Brown/Berkeley u.a. |
Fluor | F | 9 |
19,00 |
1,11 |
-223 |
-187 |
1886 |
Moissan |
Francium | Fr | 87 |
223,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1939 |
Perey |
Gadolinium | Gd | 64 |
157,25 |
7,90 |
- |
- |
1880 |
Marignac |
Gallium | Ga | 31 |
69,72 |
5,91 |
30 |
2.000 |
1875 |
de Boisbaudran |
Germanium | Ge | 32 |
72,59 |
5,35 |
959 |
- |
1886 |
Winkler |
Gold | Au | 79 |
196,97 |
19,32 |
1.063 |
2.610 |
2000 v.Chr |
Nubien |
Hafnium | Hf | 72 |
178,49 |
13,00 |
2.230 |
- |
1923 |
Coster/Hevesey |
Hahnium | Ha | 105 |
260,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1970 |
Hahn/Bohr |
Helium | He | 2 |
4,00 |
0,18 |
-272 |
-269 |
1868 |
Lockyer |
Holmium | Ho | 67 |
164,93 |
8,80 |
- |
- |
1879 |
Cleve |
Indium | In | 49 |
114,82 |
7,28 |
149 |
1.450 |
1863 |
Reich/Richter |
Iod | I | 53 |
126,90 |
4,93 |
114 |
185 |
1811 |
Courtois |
Iridium | Ir | 77 |
192,22 |
22,42 |
2.350 |
- |
1803 |
Tennant |
Kalium | K | 19 |
39,10 |
0,87 |
62 |
760 |
1807 |
Davy |
Kobalt | Co | 27 |
58,93 |
8,76 |
1.480 |
2.880 |
1735 |
Brandt |
Kohlenstoff | C | 6 |
12,01 |
- |
4.700 |
- |
- |
- |
Krypton | Kr | 36 |
83,80 |
-157 |
-153 |
1898 |
Ramsay/Travers | |
Kupfer | Cu | 29 |
63,54 |
8,92 |
1.084 |
2.600 |
3500 v.Chr |
Ägypten |
Kurtschatovium | Ku | 104 |
260,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1969 |
Flerov/Lobanov |
Lanthan | La | 57 |
138,91 |
6,16 |
826 |
- |
1839 |
Mosander |
Lawrencium | Lr | 103 |
257,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1961 |
Ghiroso/Seaborg |
Lithium | Li | 3 |
6,94 |
0,54 |
186 |
1.336 |
1817 |
Arfevedson |
Lutetium | Lu | 71 |
174,97 |
9,70 |
- |
- |
1907 |
Weisbach |
Magnesium | Mg | 12 |
24,31 |
1,75 |
651 |
1.110 |
1808 |
Davy |
Mangan | Mn | 25 |
54,94 |
7,20 |
1.260 |
1.900 |
1774 |
Gahn |
Mendelevium | Md | 101 |
256,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1955 |
Ghiroso |
Molybdän | Mo | 42 |
95,94 |
10,20 |
2.620 |
- |
1778 |
Hjelm |
Natrium | Na | 11 |
22,99 |
0,97 |
98 |
880 |
1807 |
Davy |
Neodym | Nd | 60 |
144,24 |
7,00 |
840 |
- |
1885 |
Weisbach |
Neon | Ne | 10 |
20,18 |
- |
-249 |
-246 |
1898 |
Ramsay |
Neptunium | Np | 93 |
237,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1940 |
McMillan/Abelson |
Nickel | Ni | 28 |
58,71 |
8,90 |
1.452 |
- |
1751 |
Cronstedt |
Niob | Nb | 41 |
92,91 |
8,33 |
1.950 |
- |
1801 |
Hatchett |
Nobelium | No | 102 |
259,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1957 |
Ghiorso/Sikkeland |
Osmium | Os | 76 |
190,20 |
22,48 |
2.700 |
- |
1803 |
Tennant |
Palladium | Pd | 46 |
106,40 |
12,16 |
1.553 |
4.000 |
1803 |
Wollaston |
Phosphor | P | 15 |
30,97 |
1,82 |
44 |
280 |
1669 |
Brand |
Platin | Pt | 78 |
195,09 |
21,37 |
1.769 |
4.350 |
1735 |
Wood |
Plutonium | Pu | 94 |
244,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1940 |
Seaborg/Kennedy/Wahl/McMillan |
Polonium | Po | 84 |
210,00 |
- |
452 |
1.400 |
1898 |
Curie |
Praseodym | Pr | 59 |
140,91 |
6,80 |
- |
- |
1885 |
Weisbach |
Promethium | Pm | 61 |
145,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1947 |
Coryell/Glendenin |
Protactinium | Pa | 91 |
231,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1917 |
Hahn/Meitner |
Quecksilber | Hg | 80 |
200,59 |
13,55 |
-39 |
357 |
- |
- |
Radium | Ra | 88 |
226,00 |
5,00 |
960 |
- |
1898 |
Curie |
Radon | Rn | 86 |
222,00 |
- |
-71 |
-62 |
1900 |
Dorn |
Rhenium | Re | 75 |
186,20 |
20,53 |
3.170 |
- |
1925 |
Noddack |
Rhodium | Rh | 45 |
102,90 |
12,50 |
1.985 |
- |
1803 |
Wollaston |
Rubidium | Rb | 37 |
85,47 |
1,52 |
39 |
696 |
1861 |
Bunsen/Kirchhoff |
Ruthenium | Ru | 44 |
101,07 |
12,10 |
2.450 |
- |
1844 |
Claus |
Samarium | Sm | 62 |
150,35 |
6,90 |
- |
- |
1879 |
de Boisbaudran |
Sauerstoff | O | 8 |
16,00 |
1,43 |
-218 |
-183 |
1774 |
Scheele/Priestley |
Scandium | Sc | 21 |
44,96 |
3,10 |
- |
- |
1879 |
Nilson |
Schwefel | S | 16 |
32,06 |
2,07 |
119 |
445 |
- |
- |
Selen | Se | 34 |
78,96 |
4,79 |
217 |
680 |
1817 |
Berzelius |
Silber | Ag | 47 |
107,87 |
10,50 |
961 |
1.950 |
- |
- |
Silicium | Si | 14 |
28,09 |
2,42 |
1.420 |
2.600 |
1823 |
Berzelius |
Stickstoff | N | 7 |
14,01 |
0,89 |
-211 |
-196 |
1772 |
Scheele |
Strontium | Sr | 38 |
87,62 |
2,54 |
800 |
1.150 |
1808 |
Davy |
Tantal | Ta | 73 |
180,95 |
16,69 |
2.996 |
- |
1802 |
Ekeberg |
Technetium | Tc | 43 |
98,00 |
- |
- |
- |
1937 |
Perrier/Segré |
Tellur | Te | 52 |
127,60 |
6,24 |
450 |
1.390 |
1782 |
v. Reichstein |
Terbium | Tb | 65 |
158,92 |
8,30 |
- |
- |
1843 |
Mosander |
Thallium | Tl | 81 |
204,37 |
11,85 |
303 |
1.460 |
1861 |
Crookes |
Thorium | Th | 90 |
232,04 |
11,30 |
1.730 |
- |
1828 |
Berzelius |
Thulium | Tm | 69 |
168,93 |
9,30 |
- |
- |
1879 |
Cleve |
Titan | Ti | 22 |
47,90 |
4,49 |
1.800 |
- |
1791 |
Gregor/Klaproth |
Uran | U | 92 |
238,03 |
18,68 |
1.090 |
- |
1789 |
Klaproth |
Vanadin | V | 23 |
50,94 |
5,96 |
1.717 |
- |
1830 |
Sefström |
Wasserstoff | H | 1 |
1,01 |
0,09 |
-259 |
-253 |
1766 |
Cavendish |
Wolfram | W | 74 |
183,85 |
19,30 |
3.400 |
6.700 |
1781 |
Pott |
Xenon | Xe | 54 |
131,30 |
- |
-112 |
-107 |
1898 |
Ramsay |
Ytterbium | Yb | 70 |
173,04 |
7,00 |
- |
- |
1878 |
Marignac |
Yttrium | Y | 39 |
88,91 |
5,51 |
1.490 |
- |
1794 |
Gadolin |
Zink | Zn | 30 |
65,37 |
7,14 |
419 |
906 |
1746 |
Schwab |
Zinn | Sn | 50 |
118,69 |
7,29 |
232 |
2.270 |
3500 v.Chr |
Ägypten |
Zirkonium | Zr | 40 |
91,22 |
6,53 |
1.851 |
- |
1824 |
Berzelius |